The Cephalic Phase of Insulin Release is Modulated by Il-1?

The initial cephalic phase of insulin secretion is mediated through the vagus nerve and not due to glycemic stimulation pancreatic ?-cells. Recently, IL-1? was shown stimulate postprandial secretion. Here, we describe that this incretin-like effect involves neuronal transmission. Further found release by originating from long-lived CX3CR1+ myeloid cells. Moreover, activated induce regulated activity neurons paraventricular nucleus hypothalamus in response stimulation. Notably, impaired obesity, both mice humans, dysregulated signaling. Our findings attribute a regulatory role integration nutrient-derived sensory information, subsequent neuronally-mediated dysregulation autonomic responses obesity.